This paper explores the determinants of female land rights and their impact on household income levels among owner …-operated farms in Brazil, Paraguay and Peru. Previous studies in Latin America suggest that the gender of the household head is not a … significant predictor of household income, not unsurprising given the ambiguities with which self-declared headship is associated …

, household income falls by about $0.80 for each $1 lost in own earnings. …

hours, loss of sales and income of a household business, inability to travel to work, increased need to stay at home to look … after children or sick household members, higher prices and/or lack of availability of staple items, reduced access to …, the Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam. Our empirical results suggest that various household characteristics, including …