This chapter investigates how household income, income inequality, and poverty among urban residents in China have …, earnings were growing by not more than 3 percent per annum, but pensions and imputed rents of owner-occupied housing were … growing more rapidly. The trend whereby fewer persons in urban China have incomes that are lower than the poverty line …

This study assesses temporal and spatial distribution of child deprivation and income poverty using the fifth and sixth … deprivation of children aged 7 to 17 years, and the outcomes were compared to the incidence of income poverty. The analyses reveal … areas; and differences in regional rankings of deprivation and income poverty. Distinct policies for child deprivation and …