Using two MNC dominated electronics clusters in Malaysia, this paper examines the development of human capital from two knowledge and skills acquisition modes - formal education and learning by performing - which were dominant in the successful evolution of industrial districts. Ineffective...

Iran's manufacturing sector has been growing very rapidly during the 1990s. Consequent to the structural reforms initiated, almost entirely due to domestic compulsions, the sector is undergoing a wave of privatisation and is also more open to foreign investments. The change over to a Republic...

The purpose of this paper is to survey the various ways through which the Brazilian state has intervened in the area of technology development at the enterprise level. Government intervention in technology development has manifested itself in terms of four areas: First it had placed restrictions...