public investments in education received by these adults during their schooling. This paper confirms existing evidence that … in primary education is associated with higher numeracy scores for those who went on to continue their education. Higher … investments in tertiary education are needed in order to fully realize the benefit of the investments in primary school. Family …

find that treated women increase their education by 8-10 months and premarital use of the pill by sixteen percentage points …

attenuate factor price movements in response to birth rate shocks. Specifically, we show that if education spending per child is … size of each generation. The degree of this attenuation effect will depend on the effectiveness of education spending in … own demographic uncertainty. As a final exercise, we demonstrate that if the tax rate funding education spending varies …

attenuate factor price movements in response to birth rate shocks. Specifically, we show that if education spending per child is … size of each generation. The degree of this attenuation effect will depend on the effectiveness of education spending in … own demographic uncertainty. As a final exercise, we demonstrate that if the tax rate funding education spending varies …

children. But what if children also affect their parents' human capital? Using exogenous variation in education, arising from a …-sectional relationship between children's education and their parents' longevity. Our causal estimates tell a different story; children …