twin births, child sex composition, and family planning policies, to identify the causal effect of fertility on child … the traditional agricultural economy to modern economic growth, household real income increases, fertility decreases, and …. As a parallel development, empirical studies exploit multiple sources of exogenous variations in family size, such as …

family environment. This paper presents a theory of growth in which human capital is determined by inheritable factors and … family size. The distribution of income is shown to affect the number of births, with greater inequality raising the … fertility rates and reducing output growth in the transitional dynamics. If human or physical stocks are sufficiently low, the …

This article provides new evidence that family planning programs are associated with a decrease in the share of … children and adults living in poverty. Our research design exploits the county roll-out of US family planning programs in the … data. We find that cohorts born after federal family planning programs began were less likely to live in poverty in …