contribution to growth. Estimates of the long-run numeracy development of most countries in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, America … numeracy as measured by the age-heaping strategy for long-run economic growth. In a variety of specifications, numeracy …This study is the first to explore long-run trends of numeracy for the 1820-1949 period in 165 countries, and its …

contribution to growth. Estimates of the long-run numeracy development of most countries in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, America … numeracy as measured by the age-heaping strategy for long-run economic growth. In a variety of specifications, numeracy …This study is the first to explore long-run trends of numeracy for the 1820-1949 period in 165 countries, and its …

Age heaping-based numeracy indicators have served as valuable tools to derive basic human capital estimates, especially … multiple of five reports an accurate age. In an empirical analysis we show that the commonly used binary numeracy indicator is …

possible. With respect to literacy, numeracy has been understudied in economic history and its inclusion in long-run growth …, followed by an analysis of national numeracy levels introducing a large and newly constructed data set on age heaping … and its interaction with other variables in growth processes. The third manuscript employs the age heaping method as a …

asymmetrically. The gains from trade were channeled towards population growth in non-industrial nations while in the industrial … nations they were directed towards investment in education and growth in output per capita. International trade enhanced the … comparative disadvantage in the production of skilled intensive goods. The focus on the interaction between population growth and …

towards investment in education and growth in output per capita, a significant portion of the gains from trade in non …-industrial nations was channeled towards population growth. …