We examine whether parental and school investments reinforce or compensate for student performance. Our analysis … exploits school-starting-age rules in 34 countries, capturing achievement variation that arises because younger children … typically underperform their older peers. Parents respond to lower performance by providing additional homework help, while …

This paper estimates a private school learning premium in Tanzania by implementing a flexible value-added model with … unique administrative data on exam scores. The dataset covers 635,000 secondary school students with information on both … their primary and lower secondary school exam records, allowing three out of four assumptions imposed in standard value …

when exposed to a higher share of girls at school. The opposite is true for girls who have sisters. We also show that the …

dispersion of parental education in the school increases. We also show that boys with sisters who are exposed to a higher share … of girls at school have poorer employment prospects. The opposite is true for girls who have sisters. Overall, the size …

The great majority of studies on the effect of school quality on academic outcomes do not take account of changes in … student choices concerning effort if school quality, e.g. class size, changes. We show that empirical estimates of the "total …" effect of changes in school quality could be quite different from the "partial" effect holding other inputs (including …