We examine whether parental and school investments reinforce or compensate for student performance. Our analysis … exploits school-starting-age rules in 34 countries, capturing achievement variation that arises because younger children … school investments are substitutes. …

school-to-work transition. Such cost prevents the educational system from reallocating the best opportunities to all talented …-educational background on children success at the university is not direct, but through the high school track. In fact, although any … secondary high school gives access to the university, nonetheless lyceums provide students with far higher quality of education …

school-to-work transition. Such cost prevents the educational system from reallocating the best opportunities to all talented …-educational background on children success at the university is not direct, but through the high school track. In fact, although any … secondary high school gives access to the university, nonetheless lyceums provide students with far higher quality of education …

We explore the extent to which starting primary school earlier by up to one year can help shield children from the … the children who start school later. In contrast, for the children who commence school earlier, we do not find any …-term nature. We hypothesise that an early school start achieves this by lessening the importance of resource-access inequalities …

strengthened to respond to the needs of a skill-based economy. School-employer cooperation is low and opportunities for higher …