exploits school-starting-age rules in 34 countries, capturing achievement variation that arises because younger children …We examine whether parental and school investments reinforce or compensate for student performance. Our analysis … typically underperform their older peers. Parents respond to lower performance by providing additional homework help, while …

, even though displacement episodes early in children’s lives have the largest impacts on household income (because they … persist for many years), displacement episodes occurring in the children’s teenage years have the largest effects on human … capital accumulation. We show that most of the effects operate through the intensive margin of schooling, and that children …

, even though displacement episodes early in children's lives have the largest impacts on household income (because they … persist for many years), displacement episodes occurring in the children's teenage years have the largest effects on human … capital accumulation. We show that most of the effects operate through the intensive margin of schooling, and that children …

dispersion of parental education in the school increases. We also show that boys with sisters who are exposed to a higher share … of girls at school have poorer employment prospects. The opposite is true for girls who have sisters. Overall, the size …

when exposed to a higher share of girls at school. The opposite is true for girls who have sisters. We also show that the …

level of education that an individual rises to is linked to the education level(s) of her/his parents. This note serves as … an alert to researchers undertaking empirical investigation into how the parents' education should be considered with … regard to the child's. Using Portuguese data we conclude that the parents should be viewed as a unit (i.e. as a couple), and …

We investigate the time investment in cognitive and non-cognitive childcare activities by parents with different …

formation of children. To this end, we exploit a nationwide reform that mandated Swedish municipalities to offer childcare … access for infants' older siblings, while parents were on parental leave to care for their infants. Survey data on childcare … effects on the children's 6th grade test scores, but we find evidence of positive effects on test scores for sons of less than …

between children of rich and poor parents remain as high in Nordic countries as elsewhere in Europe. One explanation for this … investments in children contribute to a levelled playing field and promote social mobility. However, gaps in learning outcomes … paradox is that the equalizing impacts of public investments are undone by parental investments in children of rich and poor …