The objective of this paper is to analyse the role of migrants in innovation in Europe. We use Total Factor … Productivity as a measure of innovation and focus on the three largest European countries - France, Germany and the United Kingdom … migration and innovation at the sectoral level. This allows us to measure the direct contribution of migrants in the sector in …

empirically. We find that physical location of workers greatly affects performance by means of the performance of peers spilling … learning or more transitory effects such as peer pressure. We also find that workers have different strengths, and that while …-dimensional spillover allows for a symbiotic pairing of workers with different strengths that can improve performance by some 15%. Overall …