Transnationalism has two interpretations. In the first one, transnationalism refers to some combination of plural-civic memberships , economic involvements, social networks, and cultural identities reaching across and linking people and institutions in two or more nation-states in diverse,...

How and why have non-nationals acquired social rights and welfare benefits since the 1970s? I have sought to answer this question through a comparative study of the evolution of the rights of foreigners in France, Germany and the Netherlands since 1973, when post-war foreign labor recruitment...