Why are some countries better prepared against cyber attacks than others? Whilst previous studies have revealed discrepancies in countries' cyber readiness, there has not been any rigorous analysis which attempts to explain this variation. Based upon a new dataset (the Country Cyber Capability...

Covid-19 has highlighted the fragility of supply chains in a range of critical infrastructure— food, medicines, health care, information technology, communications, and more. This paper focuses on an under-appreciated supply chain risk, network cybersecurity, that was present before the...

This paper examines the dispersion in cybersecurity risk across firms. Using new, proprietary data on the Fortune 500 firms, We show that higher productivity firms exhibit abnormal returns. We subsequently document three new facts: (a) higher productivity firms have fewer cybersecurity...

Covid-19 has highlighted the fragility of supply chains in a range of critical infrastructure: food, medicines, health care, information technology, communications, and more. This paper focuses on an under-appreciated supply chain risk—network cybersecurity—that was present before the...