. Fourth, we treat the subject of civil litigation, that is, the bringing of lawsuits, and their settlement or disposition at …-bearing and insurance, and the costs of the liability system. Second, we consider property law, where we address the nature and … additional topics relating to litigation. Fifth, we consider public enforcement of law, focusing on the level of law enforcement …

licensing negotiations between a patent holder and a downstream firm in the shadow of litigation. More specifically, we consider … litigation, but the patent holder may be under-compensated due to aspects of the patent remedy system other than injunctions. We …

since they do not have the financial resources to overcome the transactions costs of litigation. However, there is also a … witnessed for other small firms suing large firms. Thus, our results suggest that patent litigation is not dominated by trolls …

outcomes, including patent value, citations, and litigation. Notably, Patent Assertion Entities (PAEs) overwhelmingly purchase … stems from lenient examiners and affects litigation more broadly. These patterns indicate that there is much at stake during …

protection outside a country’s domestic legal system, which turns the case from regular litigation to an unconventional dispute …. Venues for litigating IP cases outside the national domain include, inter alia, the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) of the … settlement mechanisms of international investment agreements, the latter having recently seen a rise in disputes related to IP …