In this paper, we examine whether acquiring citizenship improves the economic assimilation of Canadian migrants. We … took advantage of a natural experiment made possible through changes in the Canadian Citizenship Act of 2014, which … extended the physical presence requirement for citizenship from three to four years. Using quasi-experimental methods, we found …

This paper consists of two parts focusing on the immigrant's decision to acquire Canadian citizenship, and her … bias appears in Canadian immigrant citizenship decisions and varies by immigrant gender and source country groups. Our … citizenship-non-citizenship earnings differences. Next, we confirmed the standard results that the naturalization decision is …