The question whether ethnic diversity is associated with declining social cohesion has produced much controversy. We … localities in Germany, France, and the Netherlands, we explore a crucial individual-level mechanism: perceptions of diversity. We … not only consider perceptions of the amount, but also of the qualitative nature of diversity. By asking about various …

data and exploit exogenous variation in both immigration flows and diversity induced by former settlements, WWI and the …, we also find that immigrant diversity acts as an additional significant pull factor. This is mainly due to externalities …