In the EU, the 2017/18 sugar marketing year (MY) was the first with no production quota and most of the price support … gone. The Uruguay round restrictions on sugar exports were also not binding anymore, making the EU a net exporter. In MY …2018/19 the EU turned back into a net importer as domestic sugar production fell. Developments on the demand side have been …

We re-characterize American slavery as inefficient, whereby emancipation generated substantial aggregate economic gains …

The slave trades out of Africa represent one of the most significant forced migration experiences in history. In this … and that of the United States. For the latter, I further discuss the subsequent migration experiences of the Second Middle … Migration, when as free people they chose to leave the deep South for the Northern cities. …