I develop an index for economic integration accounting for its gradual and bilateral nature: the Gradual And Bilateral Integration (GABI) index. The graduality captures differences in the depth and path of five stages in economic integration and is an improvement over the use of binary dummy...

Since the post war period, the EU Common Commercial Policy (CCP) has moved in two directions mainly through Preferential Trade agreement (PTAs): a deeper (internal) trade integration process intended to reinforce trade relations among European countries (i.e. Custom Union, Single Market,...

Since the post war period, the EU Common Commercial Policy (CCP) has moved in twodirections mainly through Preferential Trade agreements (PTAs): a deeper (internal) trade integrationprocess intended to reinforce trade relations among European countries (i.e. CustomUnion, Single Market, European...