This paper examines the effect of national income on the total fertility rate (children born per woman). We estimate … the effects on fertility of shocks to national per capita income using plausibly exogenous variations in oil price shock … negative and significant effect on the total fertility rate. Looking at the entire spectrum of the fertility distribution, the …

mortality rates fell, populations began to soar. In most countries, this growth led to falling fertility rates. Although … fertility has fallen, the population continues to increase because of population momentum; it will eventually level off. In the …