We use newly digitized records from the U.S. Post Office to study how strengthening state capacity affects public service delivery and innovation in over 2,800 cities between 1875-1905. Exploiting the gradual expansion of a major civil service reform, cities with a reformed postal office...

Interest in transformative mediation is growing, yet there are few tools with which to assess mediators' use of the transformative model. This study presents a novel way of examining transformative mediation in practice. It triangulates data from training and screening processes and surveys of...

Years before the widespread use of email and the World Wide Web, Congress directed in the Postal Reorganization Act of 1970 that the U.S. Postal Service “shall have as its basic function the obligation to provide postal services to bind the Nation together through the personal, educational,...