than evaluating a single program, we estimate the impact of R&D subsidies on start-ups’ employment growth and their patent …%. Furthermore, subsidized start-ups show a 2.8 times higher patent output. These estimates provide evidence for the additionality of …-offs which excels in the novelty of business ideas and patent activity. For some of these high-tech start-ups, no non …

patent experience of inventors and universities further help explain the variance in ownership patterns. Both experienced and … inexperienced inventors are affected by the legal change. -- university patenting ; technology transfer ; professors’ privilege … ; Germany …

the innovative success of R&D cooperation projects and project characteristics. Patent applications and publications are … patent applications, but not to publications. Conversely, university involvement has positive effects on project outcomes in … terms of publications but not in terms of patent applications. In general, projects’ funding is an important predictor of …

This study focuses on the impact of innovation policies and R&D collaboration in Germany and Finland. We consider … collaboration and subsidies as heterogeneous treatments, and perform an econometric matching to analyze R&D and patent activity at … the firm level. In general, we find that collaboration has positive effects. In Germany, subsidies for individual research …