the aggregate shocks and the interaction between these shocks and the casual effects. We show that returns to investment …

holds for the microeconomic response of some of the most important economic variables, such as investment, labor demand, and … actual response to shocks is less than half as fast as the estimated response. For investment, labor demand and prices, the …, even after aggregating investment across all establishments in U.S. manufacturing, the estimate of its speed of adjustment …