This paper studies long economic series to assess the long-lasting effects of pandemics. We analyze if periods that cover pandemics have a change in trend and persistence in growth, and in level and persistence in unemployment. We find that there is an upward trend in the persistence level of...

Many countries have experienced major economic changes since the mid-1980s as a result of the deregulation and liberalization of national financial systems – two key aspects of globalization – with some experiencing boom and bust in rapid succession. The small Northern European country of...