Over the past decade Austria has undertaken a carefully-considered and ambitious series of modern budgeting reforms. Evaluation of the budget reforms was purposely built into the reform process. The budget law provides for an external evaluation no later than 2017. To meet these obligations,...

Die Kommunen haben schon seit langem strukturelle Finanzierungsprobleme. Wie wirkt sich das auf die kommunale Verschuldung aus? Der Autor setzt in seinem Beitrag auf vier Ebenen an: den Konsequenzen aus der Doppikeinführung, der Umsetzung eines kommunalen Debt Managements, den Veränderungen im...

The Guyana government, from 2015 to 2021, accumulated a large overdraft on its central bank account. It owed this overdraft to a binding debt ceiling limit and fractious political environment that prevented an increase in the ceiling, allowing for the auctioning of Treasury bills to create the...