During the COVID-19 pandemic, all regions in Indonesia have had negative economic growth. It also increased the poverty … rate in the country. The government must allocate pro-growth and poverty reduction programs to maintain economic growth and … simultaneously reduce poverty. This study aims to measure the relative efficiency of pro-growth poverty reduction spending of local …

International tourism is an important sector in developing countries for its ability to alleviate poverty. Impacts of … COVID-19 are detrimental to all tourism destinations. This paper examines the pandemic effects on poverty of regional … economies based on a multi-household CGE model using Indonesia as a case study. Results are critically important for …