This paper examines the effect of trade liberalization or globalization, more broadly, on plants' growth as well as on “bi-polarization”. To do so, we reviewed the possible theoretical mechanisms put forward by recent heterogeneous firm trade theories, and provided available micro-evidence...

At the backdrop of expanding economies and in the race of attracting higher investments and enhancing exports, it becomes important to analyze the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and growth in terms of output of the economy. A number of studies have been conducted for...

Purpose: While the relationships between energy or electricity consumption and economic growth are of great interest to economists, previous studies have not examined the dynamic effect of electricity production on industrial and agricultural output growth in Nigeria; this study attempts to fill...