The COVID crisis has severely hit both the United States and the European Union. Even though they are the wealthiest regions in the world, they differ substantially in economic performance, demographic characteristics, type of government, health systems, and measures undertaken to counteract...

This paper considers the long memory volatility property in the daily return data of six major Asian exchange rates of KRW, SGD and INR in terms of USD and JPY. The daily returns generally are found to exhibit the widespread long memory volatility property and the FIGARCH model appears to be...