This paper examines whether gold, and gold mining stocks, were an effective hedge during the 2020 global pandemic and 2008-2009 global financial crisis. Prior research suggests that gold’s hedging value is most evident during crisis periods, but none has compared the 2008-2009 and 2020...

This study seeks to quantify the financial connections between China and Africa. China’s increasing investments in Africa have inevitably strengthened the relationship between China and the majority of African countries over the past decade. We find consistent effects of the Shanghai...