-regional trade we estimate the elasticity of total income with respect to market access, which we then use to evaluate the overall … impact of the ADHS. We find that removing the ADHS would have reduced the total income by $45.9 billion or, roughly, 1 … percent. Ultimately, the population response to improvements in transportation infrastructure reduced the gains in income per …

motivate our empirical analysis, which quantifies the relationship between market access and income. We then calibrate the … removing the ADHS would have reduced total income by $53.7 billion in the United States with $22 billion of the losses in …

-receiving nations. Spain is no exception following the rapid increase in immigrant flows experienced over the past decade. We assess the … impact of immigration on Spanish natives' income by estimating the net immigration surplus accruing at the national level and … surplus ; Spain …