Similar to many sub-Saharan African countries, Sudan has inherited a dual economy in the immediate post-independence era where a large agriculture-based rural traditional sector coexisted with a small non-agricultural modern sector. This functional dualism remained until the first oil shipment...

The book analyzes distorted structures of the monetary and banking systems in developing countries which are common features. They negatively affect their macroeconomic efficiency and eventually lead to economic distorted performance and distortions. Sudan as an example of LDCs the banking...

This research paper proposes a new indicator to evaluate the COVID-19 responds worldwide. This new indicator is entitled “The COVID-19 National Respond Index (CNR-Index)”. Basically, the CNR-Index is using five new indicators such as (i) the total recovered cases from COVID-19 marginal rate...

The objective of this study is to give brief overview about impact of demonetization on Indian economy with respect to real estate business. In this paper we will discussed both positive impact and negative impact on this sector. It will eliminate the black money and bulk cash transaction...

This research paper proposes a new indicator to evaluate the social response to the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. This unique indicator is entitled "the society response to COVID-19 pandemic rate (SRCP rate)." The SRCP rate uses three steps: Step-I: the input table; Step-II: the calculation of...

This paper evaluates how much chaos is generating COVID-19 globally. We try to present a new indicator is called “The Levels of Uncertainty by the COVID-19 index (TLOUC-Index)”. The main objective of TLOUC-Index is to evaluate how much health, economic, and social uncertainty can COVID-19...

This research applies Econophysics under the special theory of relativity, the general theory of relativity, and the black holes to evaluate the COVID-19 economic damage. This paper is divided into three sections. The first section proposes applying the special theory of relativity to assess the...

This note describes some of the early policy developments in the UK and the way in which the framing and understanding of a novel economic problem evolved to include a focus on livelihoods combining social protection and business support orientations. It highlights various points including the...

This paper provides an analysis of India’s existing regulatory regime and its evolution over the last 25 years, and the efforts to improve the regulatory framework as India has transitioned towards a market economy. The paper argues that while India has implemented many sector specific...

Governments across the globe have responded to the threat of the Covid-19 virus by imposing substantial lockdown measures largely guided by epidemiological concerns. These lockdowns come at significant economic costs with increased risk of e.g. mass unemployment. Recently, debates have emerged...