The purpose of this study is to estimate the effects of Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) on Sudan trade balance (TB). The present situation is confusing for all in Sudan with discrepancies in market effective foreign currencies and government declared prices. For example, one US$ in the...

We estimate the effects of hiring subsidies for older workers on transitions from unemployment to employment in Germany. Using a natural experiment, our first set of estimates is based on a legal change extending the group of eligible unemployed persons. A subsequent legal change in the opposite...

The culture of evaluation of social programs has been institutionalized in Mexico. However, in spite of the efforts of the National Council for Social Policy Evaluation, process evaluation, contrary to impact evaluation, has not received the attention it deserves. This paper presents an example...

During the last two decades many countries have reformed their welfare systems with the aim of shifting labor market policies from passive benefit receipt towards increased job search and work requirements. As part of this shift benefit sanctions are increasingly being used in the activation...

While the literature has found evidence that tax rebates and economic stimulus payments increase short-term consumer spending, the literature has ignored the possibility that household labor supply may also respond. This paper exploits the randomized timing of receipt of the 2008 economic...

Programs to reduce traffic congestion and air pollution by restricting use of motor vehicles on working days have generally not met with success, given existing studies of such programs. We conduct the first study of Quito, Ecuador's four-year-old Pico y Placa program and find that it has...

All members join the World Trade Organization (WTO) as a result of negotiations. WTO membership means a balance of rights and obligations. The paper aims at building a synthetic index to measure the depth of accession commitments and estimate the economic impact of accession on Article XII...

This paper proposes a general statistical framework for systemic financial stress indexes. Several existing index designs can be represented as special cases. We introduce a daily variant of the ECB’s CISS for the euro area and the US. The CISS aggregates a representative set of stress...

Empirical work on continuing training in Germany provides surprisingly divergent evidence on the incidence of training. This makes comparison of econometric analyses of the impact of training on labour market outcomes difficult. Three large German data sets are used here to bring to light the...

We empirically assess the treatment effects of a place-based policy in Japan and propose a socially desirable and practically feasible treatment assignment rule for the program. To account for heterogeneity of treatment effects, we estimate the conditional average treatment effect for each...