Economic theory, as well as empirical findings, suggest that the way in which agricultural support is provided has an influence on land markets, because payments capitalise to some degree into land values, affecting both the sale and rental price of land. The present paper analyses how the...

As part of the Single Market Program the European Commission commanded the liberalization and regulatory harmonization of utilities, transport and telecommunication services. This paper investigates whether and how this process affected the productivity of European network firms. Exploiting the...

Since the early 1990s, numerous countries have adopted or strengthened competition legislation. In this paper we investigate the impact of competition law on markups of industries over time across a large number of countries. We find measures of external and internal competition (imports and the...

The sanctions imposed against Russia in the spring of 2022 can affect the growth of electricity prices, both for industrial consumers and for the population, through several channels: through higher prices for gas, coal and diesel fuel; through higher prices for equipment and technology; through...