deutschen Einzelhandels weiter entwickeln und verbessern, sie wäre auch ein Signal, daß sich am Standort Deutschland etwas …

We analyze the novel transactional card expenditure data for Germany and Austria provided by Fable Data. We describe … expenditures across regions and time. We highlight strengths and limitations of the data by comparing them to more consolidated … lower-frequency information from external data sources. We find very similar expenditure patterns in Germany and Austria. We …

time series. This has triggered one of the highest policy interventions that we have ever seen. Policy assessment relies on … real time monitoring of the economy using seasonally adjusted time series. This poses a new problem for analysts: to … deseasonalize time series under the effects of strongly changing trends and seasonal patterns in real time. We compare different …

behavioral changes over time. Stronger impact on the poorest fifth of households underscores the need to improve the targeting …