reform processes that took place in Morocco, Egypt and Iran primarily between 2010 and 2017, thus before the United States … government rents faded, subsidy spending became financially unsustainable and foreign donors pressed for reforms. Yet, reform has … spending can affect the nature of social contracts profoundly and distinctly, depending on the reform strategy. It assesses the …

technology adaptation using data from the manufacturing firms in Iran. By connecting two price distortions and their results on …