This study investigates the causal effects of long-term PM2.5 exposure on COVID-19 cases, deaths, and fatality rates in India by using an instrumental variables approach based on thermal inversion episodes. The estimation results indicate that a 1% increase in long-term exposure to PM2.5 leads...

This study investigates the causal effects of long-term particulate matter 2.5 exposure on COVID-19 deaths, fatality rates, and cases in India by using an instrumental variables approach based on thermal inversion episodes. The estimation results indicate that a 1 percent increase in long-term...

This study proposes a novel channel through which trade liberalization may induce innovationthrough the reduction of trade policy uncertainties (TPU) in destination markets. To verify thislinkage, we utilize the significant reduction of TPU engendered by China’s accession to theWorld Trade...