This study examines the causal joint effect of a new political regime and war against Iraq on life expectancy of … Iranians for the period 1978–1988 during the revolution and war. I use a synthetic control approach to construct a synthetic … evolution of the factual Iranian life expectancy during the post-revolution period through the end of the war. I find a sizable …

We estimate the opportunity cost for Iran due to the Islamic revolution and eight years' war with Iraq (1978 … loss is equivalent to 40% of income per capita, which an Iranian could reach at the absence of revolution and war. …

This paper defines the global economic costs of conflict and suggests two key criteria, namely comprehensiveness and … conflict countries themselves and for their neighbors. However, the debate is quite fragmented and the literature fails to … aggregate and micro‐level estimates of the costs of conflict …

government reactions rather than the pandemic itself. Pre-pandemic fragility accounts best for the region's rise in violence …In spring 2020, observers and practitioners warned that COVID-19 would increase violence in sub-Saharan Africa by … pandemic, violence did increase in 2020, rising by 40 and 60 per cent in terms of fatalities and events, respectively …

partner violence, a spillover between work-family conflict and domestic violence, and a spike in the anti-East-Asian crimes …We survey the literature in economics and related fields on the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and conflict … behavior. We cover the effects of the pandemic on micro-level conflict (among individuals), macro-level conflict (interstate …