Most economic models struggle to incorporate biophysical relationships between materials, energy and emissions, in order to appropriately deal with biophysical constraints of supply (and possibly also demand). After the incorporation of biophysical constraints, some functions produced surprising...

Introduction -- Algeria -- Angola -- Azerbaijan -- Brazil -- Canada -- China -- Cyprus -- Egypt -- Equatorial guinea -- Ghana -- Iran -- Kenya -- Lebanon -- Libya -- Mozambique -- Nigeria -- Norway -- Qatar -- Timor -- Conclusion