Colombia is a small open and commodity exporter economy, sensitive to international commodity price fluctuations. During the surge in commodity prices, as income from the resource sector increases total credit expands, boosting demand for tradable and nontradable goods, appreciating the currency...

This technical note and manual (TNM) addresses the following issues: -- Evaluating the full implications from the policies adopted to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy requires a well-developed macroeconomic framework. This note illustrates how such frameworks were used...

Colombia, like other Emerging Market economies, is a small open and commodity exporter economy. The predominant type of the commodity exported has varied, from coffee in the past century to oil in the current one. Nonetheless the importance of the commodity exporting sectors for the Colombian...