implications of membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO). Em-ploying robust difference-in-difference specifications as well … before trade liberalization commitments result in declining tariff revenues. …

We study the effects of unexpected changes in trade policy uncertainty (TPU) on the U.S. economy. We construct three …

Over the last three years, trade tensions between the United States (US) and China have transformed a fairly open … diversify trade partners and localisation have been intensified following COVID-19-induced global supply-chain disruptions …. Continuing bilateral trade tensions between the world's largest economic powerhouse scan be expected to have significant impacts …

tax scandal that gave rise to an unexpected change of government in Sweden. A free-trade majority in parliament was …

extraordinary tax scandal that gave rise to an unexpected change of government in Sweden. A free-trade majority in parliament was …

This paper presents a new measure of aggregate trade restrictions (MATR) using data from the International Monetary … of trade restrictiveness but is more comprehensive in terms of country and time coverage. It is available for an … unbalanced sample of up to 157 countries during 1949-2019. We use MATR to re-examine how trade restrictiveness varies with the …

. Protectionism can have many different faces. It can come in the form of Buy-American clauses of stimulus packages, as an increase in … trade barriers or tariffs, or as an increase in export subsidies. In this paper, we show that none of these measures … the short run, they are less effective than general government spending impulses. Raising tariffs or trade barriers even …

Organization (WTO) member has retreated into widespread trade restrictions or protectionism to date. Our model-based simulations …In this paper we take a systematic look at recent trends in global protectionism and at the potential implications of a … that there has so far been a moderate increase in actual protectionist measures to restrict trade through tariff and non …