This paper seeks to add to the current debate about financial development and growth in the emerging world by looking at how different financial systems evolve: how and why financial structures change during various stages of development, how best to measure them, and seeing what practical...

This paper seeks to add to the current debate about financial development and growth in the emerging world by looking at how different financial systems evolve: how and why financial structures change during various stages of development, how best to measure them, and seeing what practical...

What is the relationship between real exchange rate misalignments and economic growth? And what effect, if any, did undervaluations or overvaluations of the lira/euro have on Italy's growth? We address these questions by presenting, first, three main facts: (i) there is a positive relationship...

Disease does not only affect development through its contemporaneous impact on health, but also through its enduring historical effect through its shaping of culture and institutions. By drawing on the experience of historical pandemics, we argue that some of the current stringent approaches...

Brexit referendum will impact sooner or later, since the European economies are massively underperforming and UK is chained to them.This referendum is “advisory”, not “binding”.In case of Brexit scenario the strategy should be UK to diversify its international links.World is an Oyster,...

The Italian civil war and the Nazi occupation of Italy occurred at a critical juncture, just before the birth of a new democracy. We study the impact of these traumatic events by exploiting geographic heterogeneity in the duration and intensity of civil war, and the persistence of the...

In seiner jüngeren Geschichte war Deutschland mit vielen tiefgreifenden ökonomischen Krisen konfrontiert. Diese wirkten sich vollkommen unterschiedlich auf den Wohnimmobilienmarkt aus. Einige Krisen machten sich auf nationaler, andere hingegen lediglich auf regionaler Ebene bemerkbar. Manche...

The Italian civil war and the Nazi occupation of Italy occurred at a critical juncture, just before the birth of a new democracy. We study the impact of these traumatic events by exploiting geographic heterogeneity in the duration and intensity of civil war, and the persistence of the...

After a long period of economic neglect of religion, recent articles in leading economics journals have been finding that religion has long played a surprisingly large role in influencing levels of economic development. Moving forward in the tradition of Max Weber, these articles find that...

The Cuban embargo is often cited abroad as a prime example of a U.S. unilateral economic sanctions program that has clearly failed to achieve its stated aims, and is now maintained purely for domestic political purposes. Since the tragic events of 9/11, the world has changed. The tools that once...