brink of collapse and the deepest contraction in world output in more than half a century followed. Moreover, unprecedented …

This paper studies the long-run evolution of bank risk and its links to the macroeconomy. Using data for 17 advanced … economies, we show that the riskiness of bank assets declined materially between 1870 and 2016. But even though bank assets have … become safer, the losses on these assets are associated with increasingly large output gaps. Before 1945, bank asset returns …

across borders. The simultaneous use of country- and bank-fixed effects allows us to disentangle credit supply and demand and … to control for general bank characteristics. We find that during the crisis banks continued to lend more to countries …

-, and bank-fixed effects allow us to disentangle credit supply and demand and to simultaneously control for the unobserved …

the 1997/1998 financial crisis experience, bank depositors have trusted Islamic banking to be more resilient in facing …

This paper seeks to add to the current debate about financial development and growth in the emerging world by looking … may be more fruitful for today's emerging world to concentrate more on addressing the needs of savers and borrowers in … each individual system. A major lesson for the emerging world from past financial development is that there are risks …

This paper seeks to add to the current debate about financial development and growth in the emerging world by looking … may be more fruitful for today's emerging world to concentrate more on addressing the needs of savers and borrowers in … each individual system. A major lesson for the emerging world from past financial development is that there are risks …

herding behavior of the stock markets from the top economies of the world (known as G20 countries). We classify stock market …