transfers to the Visegrád countries is estimated at least at 0.12%, thus partly offsetting the net contributions paid by Austria … to the EU budget (which stood at 0.31% of Austria's GNI in 2019). Given strong cross-border spillovers of fiscal policy … measures and historically low interest rates, the governments of the Visegrád countries and Austria (and Germany) should be …

the generality of this result w.r.t. size and persistence of the shock, size of the government spending multiplier, and … spending on economic recovery. -- deficit spending ; government spending multiplier ; economic recovery ; economic ; growth. …

the generality of this result w.r.t. size and persistence of the shock, size of the government spending multiplier, and …

multiplier effects of shocks to net-revenues, taxes, social security contributions and benefits in a proxy SVAR framework …). We find multiplier effects of net-revenue components for Germany between 0 and 1 for both the top-down and bottom …

We estimate the fiscal (spending) multiplier using quarterly U.S. data, 1986-2017. We define government spending shocks …