public corruption to explain the significant cause of cross-country variation in immunization progress. We suggest that … countries with a higher degree of public corruption before the pandemic have been less successful in the vaccination of their …

less likely to adopt a mandatory vaccination policy. One unit of the Corruption Perception Index (scaled from 0 to 10) is … that is lower by 10 pp. In addition, Google Trends data show that public interest in corruption is correlated with interest … in vaccination. The insight from our analysis is that corruption affects not only the supply but also the demand for …

COVID deaths is conditional on the existence of healthcare equity and lower political corruption, because the health sector …