339% was the increasing speed of China's foreign direct investment (FDI) into the European Union between 2007 and 2010 while China still took 3% of the total FDI in the European Union (EU) [Time, 19 December 2011]. Looking at the recent acquisition of Elkem (Norway), SaaB (Sweden), Volvo...

The most enduring measure of how individuals make personal decisions affecting their health and safety is the compensating wage differential for job safety risk revealed in the labor market via hedonic equilibrium outcomes. The decisions in turn reveal the value of a statistical life (VSL), the...

Very few industries are as profoundly influenced by regulation as the pharmaceutical industry. All aspects of the life-cycle of new drugs are regulated, from patent application, to marketing approval, commercial exploitation, patent expiration and competition with generics. The nature of demand...

Energy products such as power, gas, and oil have long been the world's premier commodities. Consumers demand that power and fuel are available when they want it and they prefer to pay less for it. Few know or care where their fuel or power comes from. So for years energy companies believed that...

In 2020, the European Commission announced its intention to table a legislative proposal for a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), as part of a wider package of laws aimed at implementing the EU Green Deal. It furthermore stated that it would explore various options, such as a so-called...

We study how pay inequality among regulators affects the environment, using individual compensation data on attorneys at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Consistent with incentive theories, high-inequality EPA offices pursue more enforcement actions with higher monetary penalties,...

This chapter from a forthcoming Cambridge Press book, Beyond Environmental Law, proposes emulating free market dynamics with a new regulatory instrument, the Environmental Competition Statute. This statute would authorize any polluter making a pollution reduction to require a dirtier competitor...

We examine the effect of pay discrimination on corporate innovation and inventor productivity using difference-in-differences regressions based on the staggered passage of state-level pay secrecy laws that mitigate pay discrimination. We find significant increases in the quantity and quality of...

This article analyses the external competence of the EU in the field of climate change. Whereas this is formally an area of shared competence, the close relation between climate change and competitiveness could be taken to treat it as a de facto exclusive competence. The enormous impact of...

The PHILGBC and the ILO have conducted a study that seeks to understand the occupational and skills needs in the green building sector in the Philippines. Decision makers, both in the public and private sector need to understand that matching the growing interest in greener buildings with...