Purpose: The purpose of this paper provides some appropriate incentive factors for customers who collaboration in product development, and analyzes the mechanism and degree of these incentive factors influence on customer's positivity and working efforts. Design/methodology/approach: This paper...

Restrictive practices by digital ecosystems have become an area of significant concern for competition enforcement theory and practice. Two such practices have received particular attention: restrictions to openness and restrictions to interoperability. This article explores the role of these...