into the two parts: random and deterministic, and by introducing “instantaneous model” for theoretical derivations and … nonconserved individual income course. The random income follows a stationary distribution similar to the Maxwell … income process that is composed of the random and deterministic income courses approximately obeys a distribution law mixing …

uncertainty were used to explain causes of variability. Notably, farmers with enough steady income have access to market, various …

(TCI) of listed companies in New Zealand (NZ). Four properties of TCI and NI are examined: persistence, variability … of 86 firms to test for persistence, variability, and predictive ability, and 81 firms to test for value relevance of NI … stock returns better than TCI; no significant difference in the variability and predictive ability of NI and TCI; little …

(TCI) of listed companies in New Zealand (NZ). Four properties of TCI and NI are examined: persistence, variability … of 86 firms to test for persistence, variability, and predictive ability, and 81 firms to test for value relevance of NI … stock returns better than TCI; no significant difference in the variability and predictive ability of NI and TCI; little …