-crisis levels. Most poverty and inequality indicators fell over the period. …

Colombia has reduced extreme poverty in the past 16 years by almost half, moderate poverty by 22 percentage points, and … results suggest that the combined effect of taxes and social spending in Colombia contributes to poverty reduction between 0 … made more than four million Colombians jump the threshold of multidimensional poverty. However, it remains one of the most …

Over two centuries, Colombia transferred vast quantities of land, equivalent to the entire UK landmass, mainly to … landless peasants. And yet Colombia retains one of the highest concentrations of land ownership in the world. Why? We show that … land reform's effects are highly bimodal. Most of Colombia's 1100+ municipalities lack a landed elite. Here, rural …