major riots in the regions of Kazakhstan in early 2022. The theory of relative deprivation explains the occurrence of unrest …, the depth of poverty and the acuity of poverty are reasons for social tension, which, after the small trigger, turned into … take measures to prevent their significant deterioration, especially the depth and acuity of poverty. A similar empirical …

This study assesses the redistributive effects of fiscal policy in Mali and Niger. Fiscal policy is poverty increasing … three deciles, respectively). Although existing direct fiscal transfers have poverty-reducing effects, they are too small …

's Democratic Republic, with the Gini coefficient rising from 0.311 to 0.364, even though absolute poverty incidence has halved. The … increase in inequality was statistically significant and reduced the average rate of poverty reduction per year by about 28 …