research on gender inequality in access to self-employment, the gender gap in pensions, and the emerging topic of a gender gap …

Relying on the present literature, official statistics, and household survey data in the People's Republic of China … migrating peasants, and, consequently, has a positive effect on narrowing the rural-urban income or consumption gap. Urban labor …

-economic analyses of SOEP data show that income has a clear influence on donation behavior. Although the richest ten percent of … households contribute 37 percent of total donations, they donate less than the poorer income groups relative to their disposable … income. Despite this, the tax benefit from charitable giving is greater for richer households than for poorer because it is …