", that is I hypothesize that exposure to malaria in utero or during childhood has persistent effects on health. Periods under … consider malaria as a measure of "bad geography" and propose some evidence showing that it was a major determinant of the … health of individuals (as measured by the height of conscripts) and its disparities between individuals and regions in Italy …

economic growth was evaluated basing on the Gini index (GI) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Our calculations and analysis …

-weighted) fell in health and education since the late 1920s, due to the globalisation of mass schooling and the health transition …