, while external debt worsens income inequality, win-win trade liberalization policies could act as instruments for poverty … (AfCFTA), cutting down on external debt financing of major developments projects, rolling out more poverty alleviation …

and unambiguously assert that trade openness is conducive to growth and poverty reduction, the preponderance of evidence … supports this conclusion. However, the majority of empirical studies also show that the impact of trade on growth and poverty …